Weaning is an important transition in a foal’s life and requires an approach that takes natural behaviour, individual development and the welfare of both foal and mare into account. As scientific research on weaning is limited, the Good Practice Guide emphasises that experience, observation and common sense remain essential.

When is a Foal Ready to be Weaned?

Foals vary considerably in their rate of development. Age, temperament and their start in life all play an important role.

  • Independent, strong eaters and curious, confident foals can often be weaned slightly earlier.
  • Timid foals or foals that experienced a difficult start in life (e.g. medical intervention or intensive care) require more time.
  • Foals should never be weaned before four months of age, as their physical and social development is still insufficient.
  • For many foals, the most suitable age is around five to six months, when they are consuming sufficient roughage, drinking well and are socially stable.

The Role of the Mare

The welfare and condition of the mare also determine the appropriate time for weaning.

  • Mares in sport or work are sometimes weaned earlier, provided the foal is ready for it.
  • A mare that is physically burdened by nursing, is ill or has limited body reserves may provide a reason for earlier weaning.
  • Some mares gradually reduce their bond with the foal themselves and allow the foal to nurse less after six to seven months. This natural process can be incorporated into the planning.

How Should Foals be Weaned?

The method of weaning depends on the number of animals, the housing conditions and the breeder’s preference. The Good Practice Guide mainly emphasises safety, social contact, calmness and gradual changes.

Commonly used methods include:

  • Group weaning: separating foals in pairs or small groups so that they have support from one another. This reduces stress and promotes positive social behaviour.
  • Gradual weaning: mares and foals are temporarily separated but remain within sight and hearing distance of each other, with the period of separation being gradually extended.
  • Separation by location: foals and mares are kept in separate fields or facilities so that they can no longer hear one another.
  • Sedation of the mare or foal should only be considered in consultation with a veterinarian and only when necessary for calmness and safety.

Whichever method is chosen, calmness, proper supervision, safe housing and social contact with other horses remain the most important principles.

Practical Points of Attention

  • Always provide a safe and securely enclosed environment; excited foals may attempt to escape through small openings.
  • Ideally, foals should be moved together to a rearing facility to minimise stress.
  • Gradually reduce the mare’s milk production and support her recovery with proper nutrition and exercise.

Vaccination Timing

Weaning at around five to six months of age fits well with important vaccination schedules.

  • Around four months of age, the foal can be vaccinated against strangles.
  • Around six months of age is often the appropriate time for the first influenza vaccination.
  • Other vaccinations should be scheduled depending on the circumstances and the advice of the veterinarian.