Linear Scoring

Using the ideal dressage, jumping, Gelder horse, or harness horse as the inspection standard, KWPN judges assess thousands of young horses each year that are presented for entry into the studbook. Since the mid-1990s, this evaluation has been carried out using the so-called linear scoring form. This form forms the basis for an objective and detailed recording of conformation, movement, and, depending on the breeding direction, jumping ability. The linear scoring form consists of two parts, referred to in practice as the lower bar and the upper bar. In the lower bar, individual traits of the horse are described. Only after all traits have been observed and recorded does the overall evaluation follow. This total evaluation is expressed in the upper bar, where scores are awarded for overall conformation and the relevant movement and jumping components.

Linear scoring means that each individual trait of the horse is compared to the average of the KWPN population within the relevant breeding direction. The traits on the form relate to conformation, movement, and, where applicable, jumping. For each trait, it is recorded whether the horse corresponds to the population average or deviates from it, and to what extent. At this stage, the jury focuses strictly on observing and describing what is seen. No evaluation is made yet. The aim is to create as objective and complete a picture as possible of the horse’s strengths and weaknesses.

On the linear scoring form, the different traits are listed individually, each with two extreme values, such as long and short or uphill and downhill. Between these extremes are nine checkboxes. The three middle boxes indicate that the trait falls within the population average. The boxes to the left and right indicate that the horse clearly leans toward one of the extremes, and to what degree. By marking one of these boxes, the inspector accurately reflects how the trait is expressed in the horse. The form also provides space to record particularities, such as deviations, defects, or additional remarks that are relevant to the overall picture of the horse.

After all traits on the linear scoring form have been completed, the judges determine the evaluation scores. At this stage, a value is assigned to what has previously been observed and described. Depending on the breeding direction, scores are given for the main components of conformation, movement, and, where applicable, jumping. For movement, the horse receives not only an overall score but also separate scores for walk, trot, canter, and posture. The scoring scale ranges from 40 to 100 points, using increments of five points. These evaluation scores form the basis for determining studbook eligibility and possible predicates.

The linear scores of a mare can be found in the database. Although many owners have a good understanding of their horse’s strengths and weaknesses, the independent evaluation by expert judges provides valuable additional information. The clear and detailed description of all traits helps in making well-informed breeding decisions, for example when selecting a suitable stallion to strengthen or compensate for certain characteristics.

Within the KWPN, all horses are linked to their sires and further relatives. This creates a broad picture of what stallions pass on and to what extent. Based on this data, breeding values are calculated and established annually. These breeding values play an important role in gaining insight into genetic developments within the population.

For breeding as a whole, the data from the lower bar is particularly important. The linear scores form the basis for breeding values and provide insight into trends and developments within the population. For the individual owner, the evaluation scores in the upper bar are often decisive, as they determine whether a horse is eligible for the studbook and qualifies for predicates such as ster.